<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-5985</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Portuguesa de Nutrição]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Port Nutr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-5985</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Portuguesa de Nutrição]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-59852021000100018</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21011/apn.2021.2404</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EXCLUSIVO: PREVALÊNCIA NA MATERNIDADE E DURANTE O SEGUNDO MÊS DE VIDA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[BREASTFEEDING: PREVALENCE AND DETERMINING FACTORS AT MATERNITY DISCHARGE AND DURING THE SECOND MONTH OF LIFE]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flor-de-Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Filipa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João Serviço de Neonatologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>24</numero>
<fpage>18</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-59852021000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-59852021000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-59852021000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  INTRODUÇÃO:  A taxa de aleitamento materno exclusivo dos recém-nascidos em Portugal mantém-se inferior às recomendações Nacionais e Internacionais.  OBJETIVOS:  O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo à alta da maternidade e a sua evolução até ao segundo mês de vida.  METODOLOGIA:  Realizámos um estudo retrospetivo de recém-nascidos saudáveis nascidos no nosso hospital, de abril a novembro de 2019. Os dados referentes ao seu modo de alimentação foram recolhidos em consulta durante o segundo mês de vida.  RESULTADOS:  Dos 159 recém-nascidos estudados, o aleitamento materno exclusivo ocorreu em 80,5% à alta da maternidade, sendo a sua prevalência inferior nos nascidos por cesariana 69,7% (p= 0,019). Durante o segundo mês de vida a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo ocorreu em 59,7% da amostra (p&lt;0,001) não se demonstrando nessa altura diferenças significativas entre os diferentes modos de parto.  DISCUSSÃO DOS RESULTADOS:  Destaca-se a relação negativa do nascimento por cesariana na prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo à alta da maternidade. Realça-se a importância do acompanhamento à família após a alta hospitalar, assim como, o reforço da formação continua dos profissionais de saúde.  CONCLUSÕES:  A prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo da nossa amostra, embora inferior ao preconizado pela literatura, é sobreponível aos dados nacionais. A sua melhoria é dependente de uma estratégia clínica diferenciada para os diferentes modos de nascimento, assim como, pela implementação da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo dos Bebés.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  INTRODUCTION:  The Portuguese rate of exclusive breastfeeding is lower than recommended by National and International entities. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, at maternity discharge, and during the babies first two months of life.  METHODOLOGY:  A retrospective study was done on a sample of healthy children born in our hospital from April to November 2019. Data regarding the babies feeding mode was obtained from parents at the babies outpatient visit.  RESULTS:  Of a total of 159 babies studied, exclusive breastfeeding occurred in 80.5% at maternity discharge. This value decreased to 69.7% (p=0.019) in those born by cesarean section. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding during the second month of life occurred in 59.7% of the sample (p&lt;0.001) although no significant difference was shown to occur for the different modes of birth.  DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:  Birth by cesarean section has a significant negative influence on exclusive breastfeeding at maternity discharge. Family support after maternity discharge is of primordial importance as is the continual staff training.  CONCLUSIONS:  Although less prevalent than recommended, exclusive breastfeeding in our sample was in the published reference range for Portugal. It&#8217;s improvement is dependent on a clinical strategy taking into account the different birth modes and the implementation of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Aleitamento materno exclusivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Maternidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Recém-nascidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Exclusive breastfeeding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Maternity ward]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neonates]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Victoria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term efects of breastfeeding. A systemic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The optimal duration on exclusive breastfeeding-Report of an expert consultation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>World health Organization</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[WHO]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Programa Nacional de Saúde Infantil e Juvenil.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Direcção Geral da Saúde]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alimentação Saudável dos 0 aos 6 anos. Linhas de orientação para profissionais e educadores.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Direção Geral de Saúde]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>European Commission</collab>
<collab>Directorate Public Health</collab>
<collab>Risk Assessment</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding in Europe: a blueprint for action]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Union Project on Promotion of Breastfeeding in Europe]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Luxembourg ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orfão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Registo do aleitamento humano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Direção Geral da Saúde;]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Severo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guiomar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inquérito Alimentar Nacional e de Atividade Física, IAN-AF 2015-2016: Relatório de Resultados.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universidade do Porto]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarafana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abecasis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aleitamento Humano: evolução na última década.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Pediatr Port.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>9-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nascimento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gouveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aleitamento humano prevalência e factores condicionantes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Med Port]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>193-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalência do aleitamento humano nos primeiros seis meses de vida]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Saúde Infantil.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>59-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanzaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hespanhol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalência do Aleitamento Humano: comparação entre uma população Urbana e uma população Rural do Norte de Portuga]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Pediatr Port.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>101-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kislaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loureiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A evolução do aleitamento humano em Portugal nas últimas duas décadas: dados dos Inquéritos Nacionais de Saúde (1995/96-1998/99-2005/06-2014)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Saúde Ricardo Jorge/Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública;]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hobbs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mannion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brochway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzanne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krebs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation: A Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>203</volume>
<page-range>190-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santacruz-Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranda-Reneo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segura-Fragoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobo-Cuenca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laredo- Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmona-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mothers Expectations and Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding during the First 6 Months.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Environ Res Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>UNICEF/WHO</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innocent Declaration on the protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[UNICEF and WHO]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Florence ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, updated and expanded for integrated care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Health Organization, UNICEF]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philipp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merewood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chawla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy-Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative improves breastfeeding initiation rates in a US hospital setting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>677-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bértolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manual de aleitamento humano.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comité Português para a UNICEF / Comissão Nacional - Iniciativa Hospitais Amigos dos Bebés]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
