<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-5985</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Portuguesa de Nutrição]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Port Nutr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-5985</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Portuguesa de Nutrição]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-59852025000200006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21011/apn.2025.4102</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[CARACTERIZAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL DE SUPLEMENTOS ALIMENTARES DIRECIONADOS A GRÁVIDAS E LACTANTES]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS INTENDED FOR PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rui]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Polytechnic University of Leiria School of Health Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Leiria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Polytechnic University of Leiria Hub de Inovação de Saúde | Politécnico de Leiria Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Leiria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>41</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-59852025000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-59852025000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-59852025000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  INTRODUÇÃO:  A gravidez é um período com exigências energéticas e nutricionais específicas, fundamentais para a manutenção da saúde materna e para o crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados do feto. A suplementação com ácido fólico e iodo é geralmente obrigatória, mas, em alguns casos, pode ser necessário suplementar também outros nutrientes, cuja ingestão através da alimentação não seja suficiente para cobrir as necessidades.  OBJETIVOS:  Analisar a rotulagem de suplementos alimentares direcionados a grávidas e lactantes, comercializados em Portugal, com o intuito de avaliar a sua conformidade com a legislação vigente e com as recomendações nutricionais atualmente disponíveis.  METODOLOGIA:  Recolheram-se em farmácias, parafarmácias e lojas de produtos dietéticos na zona de Caldas da Rainha e Lisboa, durante o mês de março de 2024, todos os suplementos alimentares disponíveis, que estavam especificamente direcionados para a fase gestacional e/ou de lactação.  RESULTADOS:  Na composição dos suplementos alimentares foram identificados essencialmente micronutrientes, ómega-3 e plantas. Foram identificadas doses muito reduzidas ou muito elevadas de micronutrientes, quando comparadas com as recomendações atuais da Autoridade Europeia para a Segurança dos Alimentos de ingestão de referência da população ou de ingestão adequada. Dois suplementos alimentares ultrapassam o limite superior tolerável de ingestão de magnésio e, tendo por base valores de ingestão de micronutrientes através de outras fontes alimentares, um suplemento alimentar pode contribuir para que o consumidor exceda o limite superior tolerável de ingestão de zinco. Em todos os suplementos alimentares foram identificadas não conformidades, como o uso de unidades não regulamentadas, e/ou potenciais fontes indutoras de erro para o consumidor, como a utilização de diferentes denominações para a mesma substância ou a apresentação de valores de referência baseados na população geral, sem considerar as necessidades específicas de grávidas e lactantes.  CONCLUSÕES:  Existe uma considerável variabilidade na composição dos suplementos alimentares destinados a grávidas comercializados em Portugal, com casos de possíveis não conformidades e potenciais riscos associados ao consumo, sem orientação adequada. É recomendado consultar um profissional de saúde antes de iniciar a toma de qualquer suplemento alimentar.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  INTRODUCTION:  Pregnancy is a period with specific energy and nutritional demands, which are essential for maintaining maternal health and ensuring the proper growth and development of the fetus. Supplementation with folic acid and iodine is generally mandatory. Still, in some cases, it may also be necessary to supplement other nutrients, whose intake through diet is insufficient to meet nutritional needs.  OBJECTIVES:  To analyze the labeling of food supplements for pregnant and breastfeeding women, marketed in Portugal, to assess their compliance with current legislation and with the nutritional recommendations currently available.  METHODOLOGY:  During March 2024, were collected from pharmacies, parapharmacies and diet products stores in the Caldas da Rainha and Lisbon areas all available food supplements whose packaging specifically targets the gestational and/or lactation phase.  RESULTS:  Essentially micronutrients, omega-3 and plants were found in the composition of food supplements. Very low or very high doses of micronutrients were identified when compared to the current European Food Safety Authority recommendations for population reference intake or adequate intake. Two food supplements exceed the tolerable upper intake level for magnesium and, based on micronutrient intake values from other food sources, one food supplement can contribute to the consumer exceeding the tolerable upper intake level for zinc. All food supplements showed nonconformities, such as the use of non-standardized units, and/ or probable sources of consumer misinterpretation, including the use of different names for the same substances or the presentation of reference values based on the general population, without considering the specific needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women.  CONCLUSIONS:  There is considerable variability in the composition of food supplements for pregnant women marketed in Portugal, with cases of possible non-compliance and potential risks associated with consumption without proper guidance. It is recommended to have the advice of an healthcare professional before taking any food supplement.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Amamentação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Gravidez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Nutrição]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Rotulagem nutricional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Suplementos alimentares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Breastfeeding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pregnancy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutrition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutrition labelling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Food supplements]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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