<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-8453</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional online]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[RPSO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-8453</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ajeogene Serviços Médicos Lda]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-84532020000200164</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31252/rpso.25.07.2020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[DE QUE FORMA A PERCEÇÃO DO RISCO MODULA OS COMPORTAMENTOS RELATIVOS À SAÚDE LABORAL?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[HOW DOES RISK PERCEPTION MODULATE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Engenharia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Gondomar ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>31</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>S1</fpage>
<lpage>S15</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-84532020000200164&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-84532020000200164&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-84532020000200164&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  Introdução/ enquadramento/ objetivos A perceção de risco é muito variável (entre os trabalhadores, chefias e empregadores) e tal influencia todos os comportamentos relativos à valorização e adoção de medidas promotoras de Saúde e Segurança Laborais. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir os principais dados associados a este tema, de forma a munir os profissionais deste setor com ferramentas mais adequadas e eficazes para o atingimento dos seus objetivos, uma vez que a mera identificação e formação sobre os fatores de risco/ riscos laborais parece não ser suficiente para todos os casos.  Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em junho de 2019 nas bases de dados &#8220;CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS e RCAAP&#8221;.  Conteúdo Na Teoria Psicométrica menciona-se que a Perceção do Risco depende de várias questões psicológicas, sociais e institucionais e procede-se a uma quantificação; a avaliação de cada indivíduo não deve ser considerada um erro. Na Teoria Cultural destaca-se que os elementos receiam circunstâncias diferentes e assimilam os perigos de acordo com a influência cultural. Aliás, salienta-se aqui que a identificação dos Riscos é uma forma de preservação das sociedades e grupos; contudo, esta poderá pecar por subvalorizar aspetos individuais na perceção do risco. A Teoria das Recompensas, por sua vez, defende que o trabalhador se sente menos ameaçado por um Fator de Risco que envolva algum tipo de recompensa. O conceito de locus de controlo é proveniente da teoria da Aprendizagem Social; este será interno quando o indivíduo considera que cabe a si a orientação/ resolução de um problema; por sua vez, será externo quando este considera que nada depende de si, mas de fatores alheios (como sorte/ azar, destino, deus, profissionais especializados). Trabalhadores com locus de controlo interno consideram geralmente que o Risco resulta como consequência das suas atitudes. Contudo, também está descrito que se este for intenso, poderá o funcionário ter um otimismo irrealista e sensação de ser invulnerável. Os outros (locus externo) são geralmente mais pessimistas, agressivos e desconfiados, acreditando que não vale a pena se esforçar, dado não terem controlo sobre os Riscos. Por fim, na perspetiva da Teoria dos Sistemas, considera-se que a Organização é um sistema aberto que interage com o ambiente, autorregula-se e pode alcançar o mesmo objetivo por diferentes maneiras e recursos.  Discussão/Conclusões A generalidade dos trabalhos selecionados reportava dados generalistas em relação à Perceção de Risco ou então estudava setores profissionais específicos, ainda que, por vezes, com amostras pequenas, em contexto de significância estatística. Para além disso, num ou outro aspeto, ficaram registadas conclusões opostas, se bem que, em virtude da complexidade das variáveis envolvidas, ambas possam fazer sentido. Os documentos publicados sobre o tema não contêm novidades que já não tenham sido intuídas pelos profissionais a exercer em equipas de Saúde Ocupacional. Contudo, esta pesquisa permitiu verificar que essas noções empíricas se enquadram em Teorias pré-desenvolvidas, nas áreas da Psicologia e Sociologia, mas com muitas mais variáveis do que nos parecia inicialmente. Maior Perceção do Risco potencia a valorização e recetividade para as questões da Saúde e Segurança Laborais. Contudo, enquanto que a Avaliação do Risco é baseada em metodologia científica; a Perceção do Risco é baseada na experiência, valores, crenças, personalidade, locus de controlo, cultura e clima de segurança e influência do grupo. Se os profissionais da Saúde Ocupacional estiverem mais atentos e hábeis nestas questões, o seu desempenho será potenciado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction / Objectives Risk perception is very variable among workers and employers- this influence all the behaviors related to the valorization and adoption of measures that promote Occupational Health and Safety. The purpose of this review was to summarize the main data associated with this topic, in order to provide the professionals of this sector with tools more adequate and effective for the achievement of their objectives, since the identification of risk factors/ occupational hazards does not appear to be sufficient in all cases.  Methodology It is a Review, initiated through a research carried out in June of 2019 in the databases "CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP.  Content In Psychometric Theory it is mentioned that the Risk Perception depends on several psychological, social and institutional questions and it is quantified; the evaluation of each individual should not be considered an error. In Cultural Theory it is emphasized that the elements fear different circumstances and assimilate the dangers according to the cultural influence. In fact, it is emphasized here that the identification of Risks is a way of preserving societies and groups; however, this may underestimate individual aspects in the perception of risk. The Theory of Rewards, in turn, argues that the worker feels less threatened by a Risk Factor that involves some kind of reward. The concept of locus of control comes from the theory of Social Learning; this will be internal when the individual considers that it is up to him to the orientation/ resolution of a problem; in turn, will be external when it considers that nothing depends on him, but on other factors (such as luck, destiny, god, specialized professionals). Workers with internal locus of control generally consider that Risk results as a consequence of their attitudes. However, it is also described that if this is intense, the employee may have an unrealistic optimism and a sense of being invulnerable. The others (external locus) are generally more pessimistic, aggressive and distrustful, believing that it is not worth struggling because they have no control over Risks. Finally, in the perspective of Systems Theory, the Organization is considered to be an open system that interacts with the environment, self-regulates and can achieve the same goal through different manners and resources.  Discussion/ Conclusions Most of the selected papers reported general data regarding Risk Perception or studied specific professional sectors, although sometimes with small samples, in a context of statistical significance. In addition, opposite conclusions have been recorded, although, because of the complexity of the variables involved, both can make sense. The documents published on the subject do not contain news that have not been intuited by professionals in Occupational Health teams. However, this research allowed us to verify that these empirical notions fit into pre-developed theories, in the areas of Psychology and Sociology, but with many more variables than we initially thought. Increased Risk Perception enhances the valorization and receptiveness to Occupational Health and Safety issues. However, while Risk Assessment is based on scientific methodology; Risk Perception is based on experience, values, beliefs, personality, locus of control, culture and climate of safety and group influence, for example. If the Occupational Health professionals are more attentive and skilled in these issues, their performance will be enhanced.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[perceção de risco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fatores de risco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[riscos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[saúde ocupacional e medicina do trabalho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk perception]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk factor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[occupational health and occupational medicine]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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