<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2184-0628</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gazeta Médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gaz Med]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2184-0628</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Círculo Médico]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2184-06282024000400301</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29315/gm.v11i4.774</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Montelukast and Neuropsychiatric Events in Children: What is the Evidence?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Montelucaste e Eventos Neuropsiquiátricos em Idade Pediátrica: Qual a Evidência?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mafalda Sá]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João Nuno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,USF Cuidar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São João de Ver ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,USF Corino de Andrade  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Póvoa de Varzim ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,USF Marginal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São João do Estoril ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>301</fpage>
<lpage>306</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2184-06282024000400301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2184-06282024000400301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2184-06282024000400301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Childhood asthma is a prevalent chronic illness, and the medication montelukast is frequently used as treatment. However, this drug has been linked to neuropsychiatric events that have potentially fatal outcomes. The objective of this review paper was to evaluate the available evidence on this association between montelukast and neuropsychiatric events in children. From an analysis of 17 articles and 1 clinical guidance standard identified by a bibliographic search method, only 5 fulfilled the previously defined inclusion criteria. These selected studies provide support for the existence of possible occurrences of montelukast-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms among asthmatic pediatric patients administered with the medication. Therefore, healthcare providers need to be informed about these risks while making prescribing decisions for young patients who are taking montelukast or undergoing follow-up care subsequently. More multicenter studies are needed, with robust samples, longer follow-up period and well-defined methodology, to clarify the association of montelukast with neuropsychiatric events in children.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A asma é uma doença crónica muito frequente na infância, sendo o montelucaste utilizado no seu tratamento. Este fármaco tem sido associado a alterações neuropsiquiátricas potencialmente letais. O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar a evidência acerca dos seus efeitos neuropsiquiátricos em idade pediátrica. Da pesquisa bibliográfica resultaram 17 artigos e uma norma de orientação clínica, tendo 5 cumprido os critérios de inclusão previamente definidos. Após análise dos artigos considera-se que existe evidência da ocorrência de eventos neuropsiquiátricos em crianças asmáticas medicadas com montelucaste. Os clínicos devem estar informados acerca desta associação, para realizarem prescrições conscientes e estarem alerta durante o seguimento destas crianças. São necessários mais estudos, multicêntricos, com amostras mais robustas, com um período de acompanhamento mais prolongado e com metodologia bem definida, que clarifiquem a associação de montelucaste a eventos neuropsiquiátricos em idade pediátrica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Antiasmáticos/efeitos adversos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Criança]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/induzidas quimicamente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Montelucaste/efeitos adversos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Perturbações Mentais/induzidas quimicamente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anti-Asthmatic Agents/adverse effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mental Disorders/chemically induced]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Montelukast/adverse effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Most Recent National Asthma Data]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serebrisky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiznia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pediatric Asthma: A Global Epidemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Glob Health]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sá-Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morais-Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bugalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asthma control in the Portuguese National Asthma Survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Port Pneumol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>209-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haarman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Hunsel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Vries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adverse drug reactions of montelukast in children and adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacol Res Perspect]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>^s5</numero>
<issue>^s5</issue>
<supplement>5</supplement>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Portugal, General Department of Health</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Monitoring and Treatment for Asthma Control in Children: Clinical Guidance Standard nº 006/2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisbon ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[GDH]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paljarvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luciano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herttua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fazel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of Neuropsychiatric Diagnoses After Montelukast Initiation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Netw Open]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>5</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute asthma exacerbations, viral respiratory infections, and corticosteroid treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Respir Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>930-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>National Authority for Medicines and Health Products</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Summary of drug characteristics]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siwek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Susman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ewigman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): A Patient-Centered Approach to Grading Evidence in the Medical Literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am Fam Physician]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>548-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Page]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossuyt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boutron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>372</volume>
<page-range>n71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dixon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rugg-Gunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sellick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hawcutt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adverse drug reactions of leukotriene receptor antagonists in children with asthma: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Paediatr Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>5</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ammari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berraies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Montelukast: neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions in Tunisian asthmatic children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>PA4610</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krajinovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ducharme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions in children initiated on montelukastin real-life practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1700148</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glockler-Lauf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finkelstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[To]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Montelukast and neuropsychiatric events in children with asthma: a nested case- control study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>209</volume>
<page-range>176-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Özata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akelma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Günbey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between montelukast and behavioral problems in preschool children with asthma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Allergol Immunopathol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>85-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yilmaz Bayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turktas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ertoy Karagol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soysal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yapar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions induced by montelukast impair the quality of life in children with asthma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Asthma]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>580-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldea Perona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Sáiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanz Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychiatric disorders and montelukast in children: a disproportionality analysis of the VigiBase®]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Saf]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>69-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Brien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cleves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring the possible association between montelukast and neuropsychiatricevents among children with asthma: a matched nested case-control study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>435-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Vries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Hunsel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adverse drug reactions of systemic antihistamines in children in the Netherlands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Dis Child]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>968-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
