<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2184-0628</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gazeta Médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gaz Med]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2184-0628</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Círculo Médico]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2184-06282025000300162</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29315/gm.982</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Automedicação, Conhecimento, Crenças e Atitudes sobre Antibioterapia em Patologia Respiratória Aguda na População Pediátrica: Estudo Multicêntrico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Self-Medication, Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes about Antibiotic Therapy in Acute Respiratory Pathology in the Pediatric Population: Multicentre Study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana Assis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paulino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Telma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volosciuc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felícia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo Raposo dos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mafalda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cândido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lúcia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana Couto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cláudia Mourato]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catarina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosário]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Inês M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Videira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Raquel Calçada]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermenegildo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Inês]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotovska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coronha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Matos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana Anete]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Sofia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carreiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Virgínia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Fátima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo Bento de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Samora Correia Unidade Local de Saúde Estuário do Tejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Samora Correia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Gago Coutinho Unidade Local de Saúde Estuário do Tejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alverca do Ribatejo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Albirka Tejo Unidade Local de Saúde Estuário do Tejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alverca do Ribatejo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Villa Longa Unidade Local de Saúde Estuário do Tejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vialonga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Reynaldo dos Santos Unidade Local de Saúde Estuário do Tejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Póvoa de Santa Iria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Lusitano Unidade Local de Saúde Estuário do Tejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arruda dos Vinhos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Terras de Cira Unidade Local de Saúde Estuário do Tejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vila Franca de Xira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Vila Presépio Unidade Local de Saúde Estuário do Tejo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alenquer ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>162</fpage>
<lpage>183</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2184-06282025000300162&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2184-06282025000300162&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2184-06282025000300162&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  Os antibióticos são amplamente utilizados na patologia respiratória pediátrica, apesar da maioria ter etiologia viral. A automedicação em crianças, por parte dos pais, é também comum. Este estudo visou analisar o conhecimento, crenças e atitudes de pais de crianças menores de 12 anos sobre antibioterapia e a prática da automedicação.  Metodologia:  Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico observacional, descritivo e transversal, com inquéritos aplicados a pais em consultas de saúde infantil. Os critérios de inclusão foram idade &#8805; 18 anos, compreensão da língua portuguesa e ausência de deficiência cognitiva. Foram excluídos os que não assinaram consentimento informado e a quem nunca tinha sido prescrito antibiótico à criança. Análise descritiva e inferência estatística efetuadas para um nível de significância de 0,05.  Resultados:  Foram analisados 447 inquéritos. A automedicação foi praticada por 56% dos inquiridos, principalmente por já terem o medicamento em casa (62%) e considerarem o problema de saúde simples ou igual à doença anterior (76%). A informação sobre a medicação foi dada pelo médico ou farmacêutico, com o paracetamol e o ibuprofeno a serem os mais utilizados. O cumprimento das recomendações para antibióticos foi quase total (~100%). Apenas 3% administraram antibiótico sem prescrição. Indivíduos com maior escolaridade e profissões diferenciadas demonstraram maior conhecimento e atitudes adequadas relativamente à antibioterapia (Kruskal-Wallis, p &lt;0,05).  Conclusão:  A automedicação foi motivada pelo conhecimento prévio e facilidade de acesso a medicamentos, sendo a adesão às recomendações independente dos fatores sociodemográficos. Indivíduos mais diferenciados apresentaram atitudes mais consistentes, destacando a importância de campanhas de educação em saúde.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Antibiotics are widely used in pediatric respiratory conditions, despite most having a viral origin. Parental self-medication of children is also common. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of parents of children under 12 years old regarding antibiotic therapy and the practice of self-medication.  Methodology:  This was a multicenter, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with surveys administered to parents during pediatric health consultations. Inclusion criteria were age &#8805; 18 years, understanding of the Portuguese language, and no cognitive impairment. Exclusions included those who did not provide informed consent or whose child had never been prescribed antibiotics. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis performed at a significance level of 0.05.  Results:  A total of 447 surveys were analyzed. Self-medication was reported by 56% of respondents, primarily due to having the medication at home (62%) and considering the illness simple or similar to a previous one (76%). Information about medications was mostly provided by doctors or pharmacists, with paracetamol and ibuprofen being the most commonly used. Compliance with antibiotic recommendations was nearly universal (~100%). Only 3% of respondents administered antibiotics without a prescription. Higher levels of education and professional status were associated with better knowledge and more appropriate attitudes toward antibiotic use (Kruskal-Wallis, p &lt;0.05).  Conclusion:  Self-medication was driven by prior knowledge and ease of access to medications, with adherence to recommendations being independent of sociodemographic factors. More educated individuals exhibited more consistent attitudes, underscoring the need for effective health education campaigns.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Automedicação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Educação em Saúde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Infeções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Parents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Self Medication]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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