<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2184-3120</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of Digital Media and Interaction]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[JDMI]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2184-3120</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade de Aveiro]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2184-31202022000100038</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34624/jdmi.v5i12.28378</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Facebook&#8217;s Dark Pattern Design, Public Relations and Internal Work Culture]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallioniemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pekka]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tampere University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Finland</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<fpage>38</fpage>
<lpage>54</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2184-31202022000100038&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2184-31202022000100038&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2184-31202022000100038&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Facebook inc. (now Meta Platforms) has been a target of several accusations regarding privacy issues, dark pattern design, spreading of disinformation and polarizing its users. Based on several leaked documents, the company&#8217;s public relations have often contradicted with its internal discussions and research. This study examines these issues by analyzing the leaked documents and published news articles. It outlines the dark patterns that the company has applied to their platform&#8217;s functionality, and discusses how they promote toxic behavior, hate speech and disinformation to flourish on the platform. The study also discusses some of the discrepancies between Facebook inc.&#8217;s public relations and internal work culture and discussions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social Media]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dark Pattern Design]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hate Speech]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Disinformation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albanesius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[10 years later: Facebook&#8217;s design evolution. PCMag.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bösch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kargl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfattheicher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tales from the Dark Side: Privacy Dark Strategies and Privacy Dark Patterns.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies,, 4]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2016</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>237-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Binge Breaker.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Atlantic]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brignull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dark Patterns.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choudhury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How Facebook Is Complicit in Myanmar&#8217;s Attacks on Minorities.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Diplomat.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corazza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Multilingual Evaluation for Online Hate Speech Detection.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ACM Transactions on Internet Technology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crockett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Moral outrage in the digital age.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Human Behaviour]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>769-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wodinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[We&#8217;re Making the Facebook Papers Public. Here&#8217;s Why and How.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gizmodo]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dwoskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oremus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook loses users for the first time in its history]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Washington Post.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The death of the newsfeed.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How Everyday Social Media Users Become Real-World Extremists.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fogg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Persuasive technologies.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ACM Communications]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>26-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Forbrukerrådet</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deceived by Design.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frenkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Confessore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Delay, Deny and Deflect: How Facebook&#8217;s Leaders Fought Through Crisis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Facebook Dilemma.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontline PBS]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chivukula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[What Kind of Work Do &#8220;Asshole Designers&#8221; Create? Describing Properties of Ethical Concern on Reddit.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>61-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How Facebook got addicted to spreading misinformation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MIT Technology Review]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Troll farms reached 140 million Americans a month on Facebook before 2020 election, internal report shows.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hays]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tech recruiters struggled for years to get people to leave Facebook. Now they say there&#8217;s an exodus building, and the company is having more trouble recruiting, too.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Insider]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horwitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook Says Its Rules Apply to All. Company Documents Reveal a Secret Elite That&#8217;s Exempt.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Wall Street Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horwitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seetharaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook Executives Shut Down Efforts to Make the Site Less Divisive.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inês]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Artur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[de M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Time Well Spent&#8221;: The Ideology of Temporal Disconnection as a Means for Digital Well-Being.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Justice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C. of.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallioniemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of Human Curation at the Age of Algorithms.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Digital Media &amp; Interaction]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karppi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieborg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook confessions: Corporate abdication and Silicon Valley dystopianism.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Media &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>2634-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Governments and internet companies fail to meet challenges of online hate-UN Expert.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horwitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook Tried to Make Its Platform a Healthier Place. It Got Angrier Instead.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Wall Street Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook&#8217;s hiring crisis: Engineers are turning down offers, internal docs show.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Protocol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caudwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuteness as a &#8216;Dark Pattern&#8217; in Home Robots.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 14thACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2019</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>374-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Irresistible Apps: Motivational Design Patterns for Apps, Games, and Web-based Communities.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Our minds can be hijacked&#8221;: the tech insiders who fear a smartphone dystopia.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Guardian.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook clamps down on its internal message boards.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New York Times.]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackintosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook knew it was being used to incite violence in Ethiopia. It did little to stop the spread, documents show.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CNN]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucherini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chetty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narayanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dark Patterns at Scale.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 3]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kshirsagar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[What Makes a Dark Pattern... Dark?]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2021</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matyszczyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microsoft will now snitch on you at work like never before.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ZDNet]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McPherson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook rejects request to release Myanmar officials&#8217; data for genocide case.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reuters]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merrill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oremus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Five points for anger, one for a &#8216;like&#8217;: How Facebook&#8217;s formula fostered rage and misinformation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Washington Post.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Likes, anger emojis and RSVPs: the math behind Facebook&#8217;s News Feed - and how it backfired.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CNN]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[U.N. investigators cite Facebook role in Myanmar crisis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reuters]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alt-right pipeline: Individual journeys to extremism online]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[First Monday]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Angry by design: toxic communication and technical architectures.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Humanities and Social Sciences Communications]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bodies in Seats.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Verge.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melhuish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Online hate speech: a survey on personal experiences and exposure among adult New Zealanders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ESafety Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook removed 3.2 billion fake accounts between April and September, more than twice as many as last year.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CNBC]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook Says It&#8217;s Removing More Hate Speech Than Ever Before. But There&#8217;s a Catch.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Time]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In Just 21 Days, Facebook Led New India User to Porn, Fake News.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bloomberg]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Reuters</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook says took down 1.3 billion fake accounts in Oct-Dec]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reuters]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose-Stockwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook&#8217;s problems can be solved with design.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quartz]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hate Speech Prevalence Has Dropped by Almost 50% on Facebook.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Meta Blog.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salminen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chowdhury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almerekhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing an online hate classifier for multiple social media platforms.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schroepfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Update on Our Progress on AI and Hate Speech Detection.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Meta Blog]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook did little to moderate posts in the world&#8217;s most violent countries.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politico]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seetharaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Deepa.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horwitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook Says AI Will Clean Up the Platform]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Wall Street Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What You Don&#8217;t Know About How Facebook Uses Your Data.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New York Times.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soliman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hafer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemmerich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Characterization of Political Communities on Reddit.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 30thACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>259-263.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kutvonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Platform design framework: conceptualisation and application.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technology Analysis &amp; Strategic Management]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>881-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[US]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Senate.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook head of safety testifies during hearing on social media mental health harms.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Services.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Utz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Degeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[(Un)informed Consent]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2019</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>973-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidgen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derczynski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Directions in abusive language training data, a systematic review: Garbage in, garbage out]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS ONE]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vosoughi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The spread of true and false news online.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>359</volume>
<numero>6380</numero>
<issue>6380</issue>
<page-range>1146-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facebook Bowed to Vietnam Government&#8217;s Censorship Demands: Report.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rolling Stone]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive biases, dark patterns, and the &#8216;privacy paradox.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Opinion in Psychology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>105-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Former Facebook executive: social media is ripping society apart.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Guardian.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zagal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Björk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dark patterns in the design of games.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Society for the Advancement of the Scienceof Digital Games.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
