<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2184-5263</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[População e Sociedade]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[População e Sociedade]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2184-5263</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPESE - Centro de Estudos da População, Economia e Sociedade]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2184-52632025000200074</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52224/21845263/rev44a4</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Poetic Echoes of failed Revolutions in 19th century Latin America and Southeast Asia - The Passionate Verses of José Martí and José Rizal]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivo Carneiro de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vladescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tudor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,East-West Institute for Advanced Studies  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Macao SAR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,The Culinary Institute of America  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Singapore</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>44</numero>
<fpage>74</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2184-52632025000200074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2184-52632025000200074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2184-52632025000200074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study delves into the poetry of two prominent revolutionary figures and national heroes of the 19th century: José Martí, often referred to as the "Apostle of Cuba," who authored 157 known poems, and José Rizal, celebrated in the Philippines as the "national hero" (pambansang bayani), whose collection of 40 long poems exists in both print and manuscript forms. Martí was born in 1853, and Rizal in 1861; during the following decades, they both embodied the revolutionary and nationalist fervor that opposed the declining Spanish colonial empire. Tragically, both men would perish without witnessing the realization of their revolutionary aspirations: Martí was killed in Cuba by Spanish soldiers during the failed armed uprising of 1895, and Rizal was executed in Manila on December 30, 1896. The Spanish empire ultimately fell two years later after its defeat in the Spanish-American War. Following this event, the United States occupied Cuba until 1902, subsequently facilitating the establishment of a Cuban national government that it controlled until the Castro Revolution of 1959. Likewise, the Philippines experienced nearly 50 years of occupation from 1898 to 1946. Although Martí and Rizal never met or corresponded, they were profoundly linked by a shared commitment to a revolutionary romantic poetry, which this research aims to explore and interpret.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[José Martí]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[José Rizal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Revolutionary Poetry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spanish Colonial Empire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Romanticism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Failed Revolutions.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<year>2000</year>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
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<given-names><![CDATA[De]]></given-names>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaime]]></surname>
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<source><![CDATA[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]></source>
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<source><![CDATA[Poems]]></source>
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