<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2184-6499</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Port ORL]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2184-6499</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2184-64992023000200227</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34631/sporl.2027</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A Deglutição no Idoso]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Swallowing and Ageing]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Rodrigues]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaz-Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meireles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico do Porto Escola Superior de Saúde ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>227</fpage>
<lpage>234</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2184-64992023000200227&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2184-64992023000200227&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2184-64992023000200227&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo As perturbações da deglutição, onde se incluem a disfagia, são muito prevalentes no idoso e estão associadas a resultados significativamente negativos, incluindo malnutrição, desidratação, pneumonia, redução da qualidade de vida e sobrecarga dos cuidadores. Embora a disfagia orofaríngea possa ser responsável por tais complicações, na maioria das vezes, não é detetada e tratada. Os idosos e cuidadores desconhecem frequentemente a sua disfunção.  É fundamental a compreensão da fisiologia da deglutição normal e da perturbação da deglutição nos idosos, bem como a distinção entre alterações funcionais da deglutição do idoso e disfagia. Além das inúmeras ferramentas de rastreio e protocolos de avaliação clínica, a videofluoroscopia e a videoendoscopia da deglutição são considerados os gold standard para o diagnóstico de disfagia orofaríngea. O principal objetivo da intervenção em disfagia é reduzir a morbilidade e mortalidade associadas a infeções respiratórias e mau estado nutricional, promovendo uma nutrição e hidratação seguras e adequadas com complicações mínimas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Swallowing disorders, including dysphagia, are highly prevalent in the elderly and are associated with significantly negative outcomes, including malnutrition, dehydration, pneumonia, reduced quality of life, and caregiver burden. Although oropharyngeal dysphagia is responsible for such complications, it is often not detected and treated. The elderly and caregivers often are unaware of their dysfunction. Understanding the physiology of normal swallowing and swallowing disorders in the elderly is essential, as well as distinguishing between functional changes in swallowing in the elderly and dysphagia. In addition to numerous screening tools and clinical evaluation protocols, videofluoroscopy and videoendoscopy of swallowing are considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The primary goal of dysphagia intervention is to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory infections and poor nutritional status, promoting safe and adequate nutrition and hydration with minimal complications.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[disfagia orofaríngea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[envelhecimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[presbifagia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oropharyngeal dysphagia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[presbyphagia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maciel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maciel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Swallowing of elderly without neurological disorders case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev CEFAC]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>41-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stuart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rees]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kritchevsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors influencing aspiration during swallowing in healthy older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Laryngoscope]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2147-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An eletromyographic analysis of reflex deglutition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neurophysiol]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>44-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muhle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suntrup-Krueger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wirth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warnecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dziewas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Swallowing in the elderly physiological changes, dysphagia, diagnostics and treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Z Gerontol Geriatr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>279-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramezanpour Ahangar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padalia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Physiology, Swallowing]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Treasure Island(FL) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madhavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LaGorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnaby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of and risk factors for dysphagia in the community dwelling elderly a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Health Aging]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>806-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serra-Prat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinojosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fabré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and impaired safety and efficacy of swallow in independently living older persons]]></article-title>
<collab>Voss DS et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>186-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rofes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arreola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almirall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia and its nutritional and respiratory complications in the elderly]]></article-title>
<collab>García-Peris P et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterol Res Pract]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2011</volume>
<page-range>818979</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tohara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohnishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnostic accuracy of lip force and tongue strength for sarcopenic dysphagia in older inpatients a cross-sectional observational study]]></article-title>
<collab>Tsuzuki H et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>303-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lintzenich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aging-related geniohyoid muscle atrophy is related to aspiration status in healthy older adults]]></article-title>
<collab>Browne JD et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>853-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stuart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilhelm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rees]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship of aspiration status with tongue and handgrip strength in healthy older adults]]></article-title>
<collab>Williamson J et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>452-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tohara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenichiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamaguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between tongue muscle strength and masticatory muscle strength]]></article-title>
<collab>Yoshimi K et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[J Oral Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>134-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulheren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwiatkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karagiorgos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Swallowing changes in community-dwelling older adults]]></article-title>
<collab>Palmer JB et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>848-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin-Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brodsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schleicher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MBS measurement tool for swallow impairment--MBSImp establishing a standard]]></article-title>
<collab>Sandidge Jet al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia,]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>392-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molfenter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazarus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lazarus Volumetric changes to the pharynx in healthy aging: Consequence for pharyngeal swallow mechanics and function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>129-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robbins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bridges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oral, pharyngeal and esophageal motor function in aging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GI Motility online]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komiya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Healthcare-associated pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>27-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robbins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Senescent swallowing impact, strategies and interventions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Clin Pract]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>395-413</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCullough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical evaluation of patients with dysphagia: importance of history taking and physical exam]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Manual of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for disorders of deglutition]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rofes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arreola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palomera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almirall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathophysiology of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the frail elderly]]></article-title>
<collab>Cabré M et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Neurogastroenterol Motil]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>851-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rofes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arreola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almirall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia and its nutritional and respiratory complications in the elderly]]></article-title>
<collab>García-Peris P et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterol Res Pract]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2011</volume>
<page-range>818979</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warnecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suttrup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schröder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oelenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Levodopa responsiveness of dysphagia in advanced parkinson's disease and reliability testing of the FEES-Levodopa-test]]></article-title>
<collab>Hamacher C et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Parkinsonism Relat Disord]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>100-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schindler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baijens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LWJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geneid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizzorni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phoniatricians and otorhinolaryngologists approaching oropharyngeal dysphagia an update on FEES]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>279</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2727-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mozzanica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorusso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of age, sex, bolus volume, and bolus consistency on whiteout duration in healthy subjects during FEES]]></article-title>
<collab>Corti P et al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>192-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peladeau-Pigeon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Age-related variability in tongue pressure patterns for maximum isometric and saliva swallowing tasks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Speech Lang Hear Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3177-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
