<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2341-4545</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[GE-Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[GE Port J Gastroenterol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2341-4545</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Gastrenterologia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2341-45452025000100037</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000540117</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Real-Time Gastric Juice Analysis to Rule Out the Presence of Autoimmune Gastritis: A Case-Control Study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Análise em tempo real do suco gástrico para exclusão de gastrite autoimune - estudo caso-controlo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dilaghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emanuele]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esposito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gianluca]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ligato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irene]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alessandro Del]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberta Elisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cesare]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annibale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zullo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angelo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sapienza University of Rome Sant&#8217;Andrea Hospital Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rome ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,&#8220;Nuovo Regina Margherita&#8221; Hospital Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rome ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Milan ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pieve Emanuele ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS Endoscopy Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rozzano ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2341-45452025000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2341-45452025000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2341-45452025000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an infrequent disease predisposing to both neuroendocrine tumours and cancer. This study aimed to evaluate whether pH measurement of gastric juice allows accurate exclusion of the presence of AIG in real time so that gastric mucosa sampling on normal-appearing mucosa may be avoided.  Methods:  This study enrolled patients diagnosed with AIG and matched controls (ratio 1:5) who underwent upper endoscopy with standard gastric mucosa sampling and real-time, gastric juice pH assessment. A threshold of pH less than 4.5 was adopted as cut-off to rule out the presence of a feature of AIG. Sensitivity, speci&#64257;city, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), overall accuracy, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR&#8722;)werecalculated.  Results:  Data of 40patients (M/F:19/21; meanage: 58years,range: 18-89) with AIG and 212 matched controls were evaluated. Among AIG patients, the feature of atrophy/metaplasia of the oxyntic mucosa was staged as mild in 9 cases, moderate in 9, and severe in the remaining 22 patients. Gastric juice analysis showed a pH value &gt;4.5 in 29 (72.5%) patients and 12 (5.7%) controls. Sensitivity, speci&#64257;city, accuracy, PPV, NPV, LR+, and LR&#8722; were 73% (95% CI = 0.57-0.84), 94%(95% CI = 0.90-0.97), 71% (95% CI = 0.64-0.74), 95% (95%CI = 0.93-0.97), 91% (95% CI = 0.87-0.95), 12.9 (95% CI = 7.19-23.03), and 0.29 (95% CI = 0.18-0.48), respectively. The histological assessment of false-negative cases showed the presence of only mild-moderate atrophy of oxyntic mucosa in 6 (54.5%) cases, and severe in the others.  Conclusions:  Our data found that real-time pH evaluation of gastric juice allows ruling out AIG with a very high NPV, but further studies are needed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A gastrite auto-imune (GAI) é uma condição rara que aumenta o risco de tumores neuroendócrinos e cancro gástrico. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a medição do pH do suco gástrico permite excluir em tempo real, com acuidade, a presença de GAI, de modo a evitar a realização de biópsias quando os aspetos endoscópicos são normais.  Métodos:  Foram incluídos doentes com GAI e controlos emparelhados (rácio 1:5) que realizaram endoscopia digestiva alta com biópsias gástricas padronizadas e medição do pH do suco gástrico em tempo real. O valor de pH &lt;4,5 foi de&#64257;nido como cut-off para exclusão de GAI. Foram calculadas a sensibilidade, especi&#64257;cidade, valores preditivos positivos (VPP) e negativos (VPN), acuidade e rácios de verosimilhança (LR).  Resultados:  Foram avaliados os dados de 40 doentes com GAI (M/F 19/21; idade média 58 anos, intervalo 18-89) e de 212 controlos emparelhados. Nos doentes com GAI a atro&#64257;a/metaplasia intestinal na mucosa oxíntica em foi classi&#64257;cada como leve em 9 casos, moderada em 9 e grave nos restantes 22 doentes). A análise do suco gástrico mostrou um pH &gt;4.5 em 29 (72.5%) dos doentes com GAI (vs. 5.7% nos controlos). A sensibilidade, especi&#64257;cidade, acuidade, VPP, VPN, LR+ and LR- foram de 73% (95% CI = 0.57-0.84), 94% (95% CI = 0.90-0.97), 71% (95% CI = 0.64-0.74), 95% (95% CI = 0.93-0.97), 91% (95% CI = 0.87-0.95), 12.9 (95% CI = 7.19-23.03), e 0.29 (95% CI = 0.18-0.48), respetivamente. A avaliação dos falsos negativos mostrou a presença de atro&#64257;a ligeira/moderada em 6 casos (54.5%) e severa nos restantes.  Conclusão:  Este estudo sugere que a medição do pH do suco gástrico em tempo real pode ser uma ferramenta promissora para excluir a GAI, embora sejam necessários estudos adicionais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Autoimmune gastritis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gastric juice analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pH value]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Precancerous lesions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Gastrite auto-imune]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Avaliação do suco gástrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Condições pré-malignas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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