<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2504-3145</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portuguese Journal of Public Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port J Public Health]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2504-3145</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2504-31452020000400032</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000514341</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Violência doméstica em tempos de pandemia COVID-19 em Portugal.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria João Leote de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerreiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Esteves]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vera]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keygnaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ines]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A0"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sónia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade NOVA de Lisboa NOVA National School of Public Health Public Health Research Centre]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisbon ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comprehensive Health Research Centre  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisbon ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisbon ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisbon ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,University Institute of Maia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Porto Faculty of Law School of Criminology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Justice and Security Interdisciplinary Research Center on Crime ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Almada ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Public Health and Primary Care]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ghent ]]></addr-line>
<country>Belgium</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centre for Social Studies on Migration and Refugees Collaborating Centre: International Centre for Reproductive Health ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ghent ]]></addr-line>
<country>Belgium</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<fpage>32</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2504-31452020000400032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2504-31452020000400032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2504-31452020000400032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The measures implemented to combat the COVID-19 pandemic led populations to confinement at home, with increased risk of domestic violence due to extended shared time between victims and offenders. Evidence on domestic violence in times of pandemic is lacking. This study examines the occurrence of domestic violence, associated factors and help seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted in Portugal between April and October 2020 by NOVA National School of Public Health. The survey was disseminated through partner networks, media, and institutions working within the scope of violence. Data were collected on the experience of domestic violence, and help seeking during the pandemic. In a total of 1,062 respondents, 146 (13.7%) reported having suffered domestic violence during the pandemic, including psychological (13.0%, n = 138), sexual (1.0%, n = 11), and physical (0.9%, n = 10) abuse. Overall, the lower the age, the more the reported domestic violence. Also, a higher proportion of participants who perceived difficulties to make ends meet during the pandemic reported domestic violence. Differences between women and men and across educational levels on reported domestic violence were not statistically significant. Bivariate logistic analyses showed that, among women, reported domestic violence was more likely among those with up to secondary education compared to higher education. Most of the victims did not seek help (62.3%), the main reasons being considering it unnecessary, that help would not change anything, and feeling embarrassed about what had happened. Only 4.3% of the victims sought police help. The most common reasons for not coming forward to form a complaint were considering the abuse was not severe and believing the police would not do anything. Our findings indicate that domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic was experienced by both sexes and across different age groups. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for victims of domestic violence to be applied to pandemic contexts, especially targeting those in more vulnerable situations and potentially underserved.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo As medidas implementadas para combater a pandemia COVID-19 levaram as populações ao confinamento em casa, com maior risco de violência doméstica devido ao prolongamento do tempo partilhado entre vítimas e agressores. A evidência sobre a violência doméstica em tempos de pandemia é limitada. Este estudo examina a ocorrência de violência doméstica, fatores associados e procura de ajuda durante a pandemia COVID-19. Um inquérito online foi realizado em Portugal em abril-outubro de 2020 pela Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-NOVA. O inquérito foi divulgado em redes de parceiros, meios de comunicação e instituições que atuam no âmbito da violência. Foram recolhidos dados sobre a experiência de violência doméstica e procura de ajuda durante a pandemia. De um total de 1062 respondentes, 146 (13,7%) relataram ter sofrido violência doméstica durante a pandemia, incluindo psicológica (13,0%, n = 138), sexual (1,0%, n = 11) e física (0,9%, n = 10) No geral, quanto menor a idade, maior o reporte de violência doméstica. Também uma maior proporção de participantes que reportaram dificuldades financeiras durante a pandemia relatou violência doméstica. As diferenças entre mulheres e homens e entre os níveis educacionais no reporte de violência doméstica não foram estatisticamente significativas. Análises logísticas bivariadas mostraram que, nas mulheres, a violência doméstica foi mais reportada entre as que tinham até ensino secundário em comparação com ensino superior. A maioria das vítimas não procurou ajuda (62,3%), sendo os principais motivos considerá-la desnecessária, que a ajuda não mudaria nada e sentir-se constrangida com o ocorrido. Apenas 4,3% das vítimas procuraram ajuda policial. Os motivos mais comuns para não apresentar queixa foram considerar que o abuso não era grave e acreditar que a polícia não faria nada. Os resultados indicam que a violência doméstica durante a pandemia COVID-19 é transversal a ambos os sexos e a diferentes grupos etários. É necessário investir em sistemas de apoio específicos para vítimas de violência doméstica aplicados a contextos de pandemia, especialmente direcionados para grupos em situações mais vulneráveis e potencialmente desprotegidos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Domestic violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19 pandemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Help seeking]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Public health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Online survey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Violência doméstica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pandemia COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Procura de ajuda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Saúde pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Inquérito online.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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