<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2504-3145</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portuguese Journal of Public Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port J Public Health]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2504-3145</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2504-31452021000200095</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000520263</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Urban noise exposure and cardiometabolic diseases: an exploratory cross-sectional study in Lisbon]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Exposição a ruído urbano e doenças cardiometabólicas: um estudo transversal exploratório em Lisboa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gonçalo Martins]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria João]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Center for Interdisciplinary Research Egas Moniz  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Monte da Caparica ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2504-31452021000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2504-31452021000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2504-31452021000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Urban noise pollution has been associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, existing observational studies relating to noise exposure and metabolic syndrome are based on non-generalizable cohorts. Lisbon remains a noisy city where this association has not been evaluated, and for this reason, we studied the relationship between exposure to urban noise and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension.  Methods:  Diurnal, evening and nocturnal noise emission levels were obtained for each street in the city from the Lisbon noise map. After allocation of all roads to the respective parish of Lisbon, the noise emission for each parish was averaged for each day period. The number of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in each parish of Lisbon was obtained from the Regional Health Administration of Lisbon and Tagus Valley. Prevalence as a percentage of the population was determined using the number of residents in each parish determined in the 2011 population census. Spearman&#8217;s non-parametric correlation coefficient was used due to the non-normal distribution of the variables, at the 5% significance level (&#945; = 0.05).  Results:  No correlations were found between daytime, afternoon or night-time noise exposure and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity or hypertension, although correlations were found between the cardiometabolic variables. Nevertheless, noise levels in Lisbon were above the legally established limit and the World Health Organization guidelines for environmental noise exposure in the European region.  Conclusion:  Our results do not agree with previous studies and should be faced as preliminary due to a strong biological plausibility for an association between noise exposure and cardiometabolic diseases and to encourage further studies, with longitudinal cohorts.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A poluição sonora urbana tem sido associada a um risco aumentado de desenvolver síndrome metabólica. No entanto, os estudos observacionais existentes que relacionam a exposição a ruído e a síndrome metabólica são baseados em coortes não generalizáveis. Lisboa continua a ser uma cidade ruidosa onde esta associação não foi avaliada, pelo que estudámos a relação entre a exposição ao ruído urbano e a prevalência de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, obesidade e hipertensão.  Métodos:  Os níveis diurnos, vespertinos e noturnos de emissão de ruído foram obtidos para cada rua da cidade a partir do mapa de ruído de Lisboa. Após atribuição das ruas à respetiva freguesia, procedeu-se ao cálculo da média das emissões sonoras de cada freguesia para cada período do dia. O número de doentes adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, obesidade e hipertensão em 2014, 2015 e 2016 em cada freguesia foi obtido junto da Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. O coeficiente de correlação não paramétrica de Spearman foi utilizado devido à distribuição não normal nas variáveis, ao nível de significância de 5% (&#945; = 0,05).  Resultados:  Não foram encontradas correlações entre a exposição ao ruído diurno, vespertino ou noturno e a prevalência de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, obesidade ou hipertensão, embora tenham sido encontradas correlações entre as variáveis cardiometabólicas. No entanto, os níveis de ruído em Lisboa situaram-se acima do limite legalmente estabelecido e das diretrizes da Organização Mundial de Saúde para a exposição ao ruído ambiente na região europeia.  Conclusão:  Os nossos resultados não concordam com estudos anteriores e devem ser encarados como preliminares devido a uma forte plausibilidade biológica para uma associação entre exposição ao ruído e doenças cardiometabólicas e para estimular novos estudos, com coortes longitudinais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urban noise]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hypertension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Obesity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lisbon]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ruído urbano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Hipertensão]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Obesidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Lisboa]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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