<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2504-3145</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portuguese Journal of Public Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port J Public Health]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2504-3145</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2504-31452022000100035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000522319</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Food insecurity in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic: prevalence and associated sociodemographic characteristics]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Insegurança alimentar em Portugal durante a pandemia de COVID-19: prevalência e características sociodemográficas associadas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguiar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3 "/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Af4"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade de Investigação Clínica da ARS Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Serviço de Pneumologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vila Nova de Gaia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2504-31452022000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2504-31452022000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2504-31452022000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  The current worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has been having a considerable impact not only on health but also on the economy of societies, emphasizing food insecurity as a significant public health concern.  Aim:  The objective of this study was to characterize the scenario of food insecurity in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore its related sociodemographic characteristics.  Methodology:  This is a cross-sectional study, using data from an online survey, performed from November 2020 until February 2021, including 882 residents aged 18 years or older in Portugal. Data on sociodemographics and food security status were collected, the latter was evaluated using the United States Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were performed (covariates: education, household income perception, and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic). The odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.  Results:  Most participants were women (71.3%), with a mean age of 36.8 years (SD 11.0). Food insecurity prevalence was 6.8%. Less-educated individuals (&#8804;12 years of schooling; OR 2.966; 95% CI 1.250-7.042), and those who were and remained unemployed since the beginning of the pandemic (OR 2.602; 95% CI 1.004-6.742) had higher odds of belonging to a food-insecure household, regardless of education, working status during the COVID-19 pandemic, and household income perception. Moreover, lower odds of belonging to a food-insecure household were observed among those reporting a comfortable household income (OR 0.007; 95% CI 0.001-0.062) than those who perceived their household income as insufficient, independently of education and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Conclusions:  These findings highlight the population groups that are at a greater risk of food insecurity during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Effective public health strategies should be developed aiming to address food insecurity during this crisis, especially among the higher risk groups.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A atual pandemia mundial por COVID-19 tem vindo a causar um impacto considerável não apenas na saúde, mas também na economia das sociedades, enfatizando a insegurança alimentar como um importante problema de saúde pública.  Objetivo:  Caracterizar o cenário de insegurança alimentar em Portugal durante a pandemia por COVID-19 e explorar as características sociodemográficas relacionadas.  Metodologia:  Trata-se de um estudo transversal, que utiliza dados de um inquérito online, realizado entre novembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, incluindo 882 residentes em Portugal com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. Recolheram-se dados sociodemográficos e de situação de segurança alimentar, sendo que esta última foi avaliada por meio da escala &#8220;United States Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form.&#8221; Foram calculados modelos de regressão logística brutos e ajustados (covariáveis: escolaridade, perceção de rendimento familiar e situação perante o trabalho durante a pandemia de COVID-19). Foram estimados Odds Ratio (OR) e respetivos intervalos de confiança a 95% (IC).  Resultados:  A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (71,3%), com média de idade de 36,8 anos (DP 11,0). A prevalência de insegurança alimentar foi de 6,8%. Indivíduos com menor escolaridade (&#8804;12 anos de estudo; OR 2,966; IC 95% 1,250-7,042), e aqueles que estavam e permaneceram desempregados desde o início da pandemia (OR 2,602; IC 95% 1,004-6,742) apresentaram maior odds de pertencer a um agregado familiar com insegurança alimentar, independentemente da escolaridade, situação perante o trabalho durante a pandemia por COVID-19 e perceção de rendimento familiar. Além disso e, independentemente da escolaridade e da situação perante o trabalho durante a pandemia por COVID-19, foi observado menor odds de pertencer a um agregado familiar com insegurança alimentar, aqueles que relataram perceção de rendimento familiar confortável (OR 0,007; IC 95% 0,001-0,062) comparativamente aqueles que perceberam o seu rendimento familiar como insuficiente.  Conclusões:  Estes resultados destacam os grupos populacionais que estão em maior risco de insegurança alimentar durante a atual pandemia por COVID-19. Estratégias eficazes de saúde pública devem ser desenvolvidas com o objetivo de endereçar a insegurança alimentar durante esta crise, especialmente entre os grupos de maior risco.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Food insecurity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pandemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Public health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sociodemographic characteristics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Insegurança alimentar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Prevalência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Saúde pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Características sociodemográficas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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