<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2504-3145</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portuguese Journal of Public Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port J Public Health]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2504-3145</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2504-31452023000200151</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000531591</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Alcohol use disorder incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years in estonia, 1990 to 2019: a joinpoint regression analysis using]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Incidência, mortalidade e anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade das perturbações relacionadas com o consumo de álcool na Estónia, 1990 a 2019: uma análise de regressão joinpoint utilizando dados do estudo Global Burden of Disease]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zareei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Farzaneh]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Looha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mehdi Azizmohammad]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Tartu Institute of Psychology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tartu ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estonia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tehran ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>161</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2504-31452023000200151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2504-31452023000200151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2504-31452023000200151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Alcohol consumption is widely recognized as a leading cause of premature mortality and a significant global health concern. This study aimed to investigate the trends in alcohol use disorders, including incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), in Estonia from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset. Methods: The GBD study is a comprehensive epidemiological research effort that analyzes various causes of death, diseases, injuries, and risk factors across multiple countries and territories. In this study, we utilized the GBD dataset to estimate annual incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost, years living with disabilities, and DALY rates by gender and age from 1990 to 2019. To assess the trends in these indices, including DALY, incidence, mortality, and 1-mortality-to-incidence ratio (1-MIR), joinpoint regression analysis was employed. This allowed for the identification of significant changes in trends at specific time points and the calculation of annual percent change between these points.  Results:  Our findings revealed an overall decreasing trend in the incidence rate of alcohol use disorder over the study period. However, the average DALY, mortality, and 1-MIR trends did not exhibit significant variation during this time. Moreover, we observed a more substantial decline in alcohol use disorders among men compared to women from 1990 to 2019. Specifically, the incidence of alcohol use disorders demonstrated a significant increase from 1990 to 2000, followed by a decline from 2010 to 2018, and continued to decrease from 2017 to 2019.  Conclusion:  This study provides important insights into the changing trends of alcohol use disorders, including incidence and mortality, in Estonia from 1990 to 2019. Our findings indicate a decreasing pattern over time, suggesting a positive shift in alcohol consumption behavior. Additionally, we observed that men had higher rates of MIR, DALY, mortality, and incidence of alcohol use disorders compared to women. These results emphasize the need for targeted health prevention programs to sustain and further promote the downward trend in alcohol-related disorders.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Antecedentes:  O consumo de álcool é amplamente reconhecido como uma das principais causas de mortalidade prematura e uma preocupação significativa em termos de saúde global. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as tendências dos transtornos do uso de álcool, incluindo a incidência, a mortalidade e os anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALYs), na Estónia de 1990 a 2019 utilizando dados do Global Burden of Disease (GBD).Métodos: O estudo GBD, de investigação epidemiológica, analisa várias causas de morte, doenças, lesões e fatores de risco em vários países e territórios. Neste estudo, utilizámos o conjunto de dados GBD para estimar a incidência anual, a prevalência, a mortalidade, os anos de vida perdidos (YLL), os anos de vida com deficiência (YLD) e as taxas DALY por sexo e idade de 1990 a 2019. Para avaliar as tendências destes índices, incluindo o DALY, a incidência, a mortalidade e o rácio de mortalidade por incidência (MIR), foi utilizada a análise de regressão joinpoint. Isto permitiu a identificação de alterações significativas nas tendências em pontos temporais específicos e o cálculo da variação percentual anual (APC) entre esses pontos.  Resultados:  Os nossos resultados revelaram uma tendência global decrescente na taxa de incidência de perturbações relacionadas com o consumo de álcool durante o período de estudo. No entanto, as tendências médias de DALY, mortalidade e 1-MIR não exibiram variação significativa durante este tempo. Além disso, observámos um declínio mais substancial nos transtornos do uso de álcool entre os homens em comparação com as mulheres de 1990 a 2019. Especificamente, a incidência de transtornos do uso de álcool demonstrou um aumento significativo de 1990 a 2000, seguido de um declínio de 2010 a 2018, e continuou a diminuir de 2017 a 2019.  Conclusão:  Este estudo fornece insights importantes sobre as tendências de mudança dos transtornos do uso de álcool, incluindo a incidência e a mortalidade, na Estónia de 1990 a 2019. Os resultados indicam um padrão decrescente ao longo do tempo, sugerindo uma mudança positiva no comportamento do consumo de álcool. Além disso, observamos que os homens tinham taxas mais altas de MIR, DALY, mortalidade e incidência de transtornos do uso de álcool em comparação com as mulheres. Os dados recolhidos enfatizam a necessidade de programas de prevenção de saúde direcionados para sustentar e promover, ainda mais, a tendência de queda nos transtornos relacionados com o álcool.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Alcohol use disorder incidence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Burden of disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Disability-adjusted life year]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mortality-to-incidence ratio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Consumo de álcool]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Incidência de perturbações]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Peso da doença]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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