2504-3145 2504-3145 S2504-31452025000200112 10.1159/000545167 Portugal Portugal Portugal 00 08 2025 00 08 2025 43 2 112 120

1 World Health Organization 2008 2 2011 42 5 5 195-204 3 FFMS 2025 4 2025 5 2025 6 2014 24 Suppl 1 Suppl 1 16-25 7 2019 28 7 7 1761-71 8 2019 66 87-110 9 2018 28 3 3 138-43 10 CSDH 2008 11 2015 79-110 12 Commission on Social Determinants of Health 2008 372 9650 9650 1661-9 13 2018 4 1 1 1-14 14 1993 22 1 1 19-48 15 2019 104 10 10 998-1003 16 2014 76 5 5 418-24 17 2022 249 18 2005 20 5 5 467-74 19 2023 32 100706 20 2020 21 1991 22 1997 44 6 6 723-45 23 2016 39 51-61 24 2003 25 1997 314 7092 7092 1472-6 26 2016 70 9 9 868-73 27 1995 35 80-94 28 Human Early Learning Partnership, Commission on Social Determinants of Health 2007 29 2004 30 2023 18 2 2 915-30 31 2018 13 8 8 32 2019 60 2 2 119-32 33 1998 75-93 34 2021 21 1 1 1150 35 2024 83 4 4 291-313 36 2019 144 6 6 37 2020 38 2020 49 3 3 934-43 39 2022 32 3 3 88-94 40 2021 13 1 1 30-8 41 2021 68 5 5 1133-45 42 2021 31 5 5 1069-75 43 2021 8 2 2 135 44 2015 25 3 3 457-63 45 2023 23 1 1 1037 46 2019 19 1 1 169 47 2016 46 9 9 291-312 48 2020 15 10 10 49 2017 17 1 1 26 50 2015 47 1-16 51 2024 343 116602 52 2017 41 6 6 354-9 53 2016 21 2 2 68-73 54 2023 23 1 1 410 55 2015 50 8 8 1173-88 56 2022 12 10 10 57 2019 49 1 1 23-30 58 2023 23 1 1 744 59 2010 60 O'Hare B.Tamburlini G 2019 3 1 1 61 2022 19 11 11 6425 62 2011 35 1 1 31-47 63 2015 135 2 2 e296-304 64 2023 13 2 2 95-114 65 WHO 2021 66 2019 14 7 7 67 2019 143 4 4