<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2795-5001</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portuguese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port J Dermatol Venereol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2795-5001</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Permanyer Publications]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2795-50012025000300153</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/pjdv.25000039</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diagnosis of nail disorders: a literature review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Diagnóstico de afecções ungueais: uma revisão de literatura]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira-Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thairine H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oyama-Okajima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renata M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues-Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xavier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marília B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Motizuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Airton K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avelar-Pires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carla A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Pará Department of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Belém Pará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,State University of Pará Department of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Belém Pará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>153</fpage>
<lpage>162</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2795-50012025000300153&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2795-50012025000300153&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2795-50012025000300153&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The nail apparatus performs essential functions, such as protection and assistance in fine touch, making its integrity crucial for daily activities. The loss of its functionality can hinder routine tasks, directly impacting the quality of life. However, diagnosing nail disorders presents significant challenges due to the complexity of conditions affecting the nails and the overlap of features among different diseases. Diagnostic difficulty is further aggravated by professionals&#8217; lack of familiarity with techniques, such as dermoscopy, microscopy, microbial culture, and nail biopsy. In this study, we conducted a narrative literature review of articles indexed in PubMed from 2000 to 2024 that address the diagnosis of nail diseases. Selected studies were appraised according to methodological rigor and practical applicability, with an emphasis on the clinical relevance of their findings. Our review provides dermatologists and general practitioners with critical clinical insights that enhance understanding and management of patients with nail disorders.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O aparelho ungueal exerce funções essenciais, como proteção e auxílio no tato fino, sendo sua integridade fundamental para as atividades cotidianas. A perda de sua funcionalidade pode comprometer tarefas diárias, impactando diretamente a qualidade de vida. No entanto, o diagnóstico das afecções ungueais é um desafio devido à complexidade das condições que envolvem as unhas e à sobreposição de características entre as doenças. A dificuldade diagnóstica é agravada pela limitada familiaridade dos profissionais com técnicas como dermatoscopia, microscopia, estudos microbiológicos e biópsia ungueal. A metodologia do estudo envolveu uma revisão narrativa da literatura, com artigos publicados na plataforma PubMed entre 2000 e 2024, que abordam o diagnóstico de doenças ungueais e a análise dos artigos seguiu critérios de rigor metodológico e aplicabilidade prática, com foco na relevância clínica dos achados. Diante disso, essa revisão oferece insights clínicos importantes para a prática clínica de dermatologistas e médicos generalistas, auxiliando na melhor compreensão dos pacientes com patologias ungueais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nail disorders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Differential diagnosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nail dermoscopy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nail biopsy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Afecções ungueais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Diagnóstico diferencial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Dermatoscopia ungueal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Biópsia ungueal]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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